(注意:10 道题中，涉及比较大的变形只有 3 道左右，剩余的题都是常规的变形，如三单式、复数、动词 ing 或 ed、副词 ly 等等。所以不要过分沉迷于变形规律，而要多复习真题和练习题，在具体题目中加深对知识的掌握。)
1. 形容词加 ly变副词；
2. 名词加 al, ful, ive, less, able, ish 变形容词；
3. 形容词加 ness, ism 变名词；
4. 形容词加 en, ize 变动词；
5. 动词加 able,ible, ive, ing,ed 变形容词
6. 动词加ance，ence，tion，ment变名词，
7. 动词加er，or，ist，ian变指人名词
8. 不，无，非:un-;in-;im-;il-;ir-;non-等
注意：多看看动词表和附录一：易考词性转换
三、练习
1.The Power of Language
Language is something that defines (define) us as humans. When language is 41_ (use) well, it can bring out very deep feelings in others, and encourage others to take_ 42__ (act). Sometimes in poetry a certain phrase can bring 43 (tear) to the eyes and move us deeply. When we use language to express our true feelings to someone, it can open and_ 44 (deep) the connection between us. Language is a very_ 45 (power) tool. How we use language shapes our world. How we use self-talk_ 46. (direct) shapes our experience of both ourselves and the world. How we deliver_ 47 (communicate) shapes the way the world__ 48 (respond) to us. We can use language more_49_(effective). And this clearly influences the health and power of our 50 (person) relationships and business relationships.
2. Are There Truths in Dreams?
Imagine waking up after dreaming (dream) about a terrible plane crash. The next day you will make a plane journey that you have 41 (plan) long before. Will you get on the plane?
A survey shows that you may not cancel your trip. But your dream will probably influence your 42 (thought) during the journey. You may feel 43 (worry) and find the trip much 44 (long) than before. So dreams may influence what we are 2 45 (real) doing while we are awake.
The explanation of dreams is still a(n) 46 (clear) area. A team of researchers are entering a new field of studies: Do dreams actually influence our 47 (behave)? Over the past few years, they have 48 (do) studies in different cultures and found out that dreams contain some 49 (hide) truths: dreams affect the way people live and work. But researchers also tell people not to be 50 (easy) influenced by their dreams.
3.Labor Market Decline
The decline of the labor market is easy to misinterpret (interpret). There are many reasons for that. During the 1970s, large numbers of women and young adults_41_ (bear) during the baby boom entered into the work force. That 42 (result) in too many workers for the jobs available and depressed wages. The decline also has something to do with the explosive_43_ (grow) in world trade since 1960. As 44 (manufacture) technologies have become more mobile, production jobs have 45 (move) from the U.S. to countries where wages are low. In 46 (add), technology itself has helped to cause the shifts in the job market. For example, 47 (few) American workers are needed to make steel today than in the past, because new 48 (machine) have made many of their tasks 49 (necessary). Finally, the high rate of 50 (employment) caused by these factors has tended to drive wages down further.
4.Voice and Text Chatting
Voice chat and text chat are quickly (quick) becoming preferred ways of communicating with others online. For language _41____(learner), these forms of communication___42__(able) them to share ideas about themselves and the world in almost real time. They can establish friendships with people from around the globe. Thus, it can be an easy way to learn languages and world __43___(culture).
However, care and consideration should be__44___(give)when you are looking for friends on the Internet because you __45___(real) dont know who the person is at the other end. Thus, never give out personal information __46___(include) your name, age, where you live, and the name of the school you attend. Also, be __47___(care) about meeting online acquaintances in person, and if you do so, make sure it is in a public place and go with a friend or a family member.__48___(final), contact local authorities if you feel you are in danger. Again, chatting with others can be an enjoyable and ___49__(education)activity if you use care when __50___(do) so.
5.Be Grateful
Whether you are a waiter (wait) or a doctor, your job is about serving others and making their life better, We have all __41__ (have) experiences where someone __42__(work) in their job has lifted us up and made a __43__(different) to our day or brought us down and made our day worse. We have all met __44__ (real) wonderful people cleaning floors. We have also met people who are not so wonderful but have __45__ (amaze) jobs. So whatever you do, be grateful. This doesnt mean you have to stay in a job you dont like, but it __46__ (help) you develop a more positive attitude. You may not like your job, but you can enjoy being with your __47__ (colleague). This is something to be __48__ (thank) for. When yon practice __49__ (grateful) it allows you to develop a more useful outlook and be __50__ (happy) at your work.
6. Silent Listening
If something bad just happened (happen) to your friend, what would you do? Would you mention it to him and say you feel sorry about it? Would you offer support or advice? According to Ruth Clark, such 41 (treat) could mean well, but it might not be what he 42 (real) wants or needs.
Clark asked some college students to imagine some 43 (pleasant) situations, e.g., a low exam grade or the dad’s 44 (lose) of his job. The students were then 45 (ask) how they would like to be treated by a friend who learned of the bad situation from someone else. The results were a little 46 (surprise). Some said they would want and expect their friend to mention the 47 (annoy) situation, but most of the students in the study 48 (respond) that they would like the friend not to do it. The students made the 49 (decide) for themselves whether to discuss their problem with a friend. So, there is value in being a silent 50 (listen) around a troubled friend.
7. Self-reliance（自立)
Everyone has heard(hear)the word “self-reliance”. Emerson wrote a _41_ (fame)essay about it. He felt that people should trust in their own _42_ (able). They should think and act for themselves. Like many such _43_ (term),this one had no real meaning for me until it was _44_ (demonstrate)to me in real life.
Last year I met a blind girl _45_ (name)Gail. She was _46_ (extreme)slender and weak, but she always insisted on _47_ (find) her way around the school by herself. When she _48_ (sit)in a room with several of us, there was sometimes a(n) _49_ (easy)silence, because we thought she might resent our acting too cheerful and thoughtless in her _50_ (present). On such occasions, she would say something casual or show us how fast she could write. She never asked for anyone’s pity. She truly relied on herself.
四、精读+练习
（1）
We all get the Monday blues from time to time, but there are1 （way）to improve your working life and be happy at work. If you’re going through a rough patch at work or are 2 (lack)job 3 (satisfy), check out these ways to boost your mood and have a 4 (happy) work day.
If your workday often leaves you feeling 5 （stress) and overwhelmed, it is time tocalm things down by getting more organized. Firstly, make sure you arrive a few minutes early for work to give you time to organize your tasks for the day and get 6 (mental) prepared. Secondly, organize your space by clearing away any clutter and streamlining your workspace. Finally, make a list of everything that you need to do that day in order of priority. If you can, try taking care of the more difficult things first to help take a weight off your mind.
7 (vary) is the spice of life, and this is never 8 (true) than when it comes to your working day. Following the same routine day in, day out quickly cause boredom and 9 (satisfaction) to set in, so try making every day a little different in any way you can. Try doing routine tasks in a 10 (difference) order, talking to someone new or taking a different route to work. If you really cant shake up your workday itself, instead try organizing something fun and different to do on your lunch break every so often.
from time to time:偶尔，有时，不时地
go through:（法律、协议等）被通过，（正式决定）被批准; 经历，经受（尤指苦难或艰难时期）; 翻阅
check out:查看，观察; 调查，检查; 退房; 核实，查实; 结账离开（诊所、宾馆、商店）
it is time to do sth:是做某事的时候了
calm down:冷静下来
make sure :确保,查明，核实
clear away:清除,消除
make a list of:列出清单
in order of:按照顺序
take care of:照顾、照料
it comes to sth:当提到;就……而论;当提到……
try to do sth.意思是设法做某事,侧重努力,为了达到目的而努力。try doing sth.意思是试图做某事,是一种新的尝试,不带明显的目的性。
（2）
A first date can end up being categorized as a 1 (success),a clingy,a boastful or an awkward one.Successful first dates include both parties expressing information about what they like, who they are, and so forth. 2 (usual), these 3 (date) will end in tentative plans for a second one.Clingy (黏附的)dates end up with one of the parties 4 (practical) begging for information about the other. However, the non-clinger is not 5 (interest). On boastful dates, one member of the duo (一对) talks about all of his or her skills,talents, and 6 (ability). The listening end of the pair is never 7 (ask)about his or her life. Awkward first dates 8 (general) involve lots of silence or one or both of the 9 (partner) not knowing how to act 10 (appropriate).While many dates occur every day, they can generally fall into one of these categories.
end up：最终
beg for：乞求，乞讨
talk about：谈论
lots of = a lot of ：大量的：许多的（事物、人等），即可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词
fall into ：落入; 分成
（3）
Once upon a time in a land far away, there was a 1 (wonder) old man who 2 (love)everything: animals, spiders, insects, etc. One day while 3 (walk) through the 4 (wood)the nice old man 5 (find) a cocoon of a butterfly. He 6 (take) it home. A few days later, a small 7 (open) appeared; he sat and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop 8 (make) any progress. It appeared as if it had 9 (get) as far asit could and it could go no farther. Then the man decided to help the butterfly, so he took a pair of scissors and snipped off the remaining bit of the cocoon. The butterfly then emerged 10 (easy). But it never was able to fly.
Once upon a time:从前，很久以前
A few days later几天后 ;a few days ago 几天前
struggle to do :尽力做某事；挣扎着做某事
it seems to do:似乎是这样
as far as :在……范围内：表示某事物的范围或限度，常用于表达“就……而言”或“就……来说”的意思。
完型补文（4）
Money management can actually be 1 (break) down into a very simple practice that even a 2 (four) grader can do in his young life. The basic step to being on your wealth path is knowing how much you really do need in your life and how you can invest the rest. If you are already 3 (work), arrange with your company to direct a predetermined amount of your payroll into a forced savings fund and then you will learn to live with the rest. 4 (ideal), the amount that is left for you to work with is smaller, and this particular practice is actually 5 (call)learning to pay yourself first - despite bills and other payables, you will come first.
The 6 (beautiful) of this money management practice to get you on the wealth path is that you will be 7 (force)to cut your 8 (waste)spending. You will learn to live with what you have and figure out the little avenues in your life where you can stop the financial leaks. With this, you will find that you have extra money to invest with. Now that you have a sizeable amount, the next thing that you can do is to figure out where to put the extras that have 9 (accumulate)over time so you can generate money and make it grow with very little effort from you. There are many 10 (thing)you can find to put your money in.
figure out理解，解决，算出
over time 随着时间的过去；超时
完型补文（5）
Whether or not children are 1 （allow）to handle their own pocket money, parents and 2 （stepparent）will 3 （sure）be budgeting a 4 （certainly）amount of cash for their children’s everyday 5 (need) and wants. Kids don’t need a great deal of money, but 6（ideal）, they should have enough so that they can learn to spend some and save some. Many parents help children to learn about the 7 （important）of spending by asking kids to separate their money into at least three portions. One is for immediate spending, one for short term 8 (saving) (outings, video games, etc.) and the third is for long term savings (a car, college, etc.). In some 9 （family）, they add a fourth category, which is for 10 （donate）, teaching children the value and importance of helping those less fortunate.
Whether or not:无论是否
a great deal of :大量的：表示数量很多或程度很高
so that :以便，为了
at least:至少
完型补文（6）
Our words have power, and our speech has the power to set the energy or the directions we choose in our 1 （life）. If we say good and positive things, good and positive 2 （experience） happen to us.These words give us the opportunity to experience life from a positive or optimistic point of view. If,on the other hand,we come from negativity and say negative things,accordingly, negative 3 (thing)happen to us or we end up 4 （see）life as one big problem or 5 （disappoint）.
While we are all familiar with our external speech or voice, we also have another voice that we work with and interact with every day.This is our“inner voice.While at first glanceyou may think: “what is inner voice? But when you come right down to it,we are all familiar with our inner voice.Our inner voice is that small utterance that comes from deep within us, 6 (who)job it is to provide us with guidance.This is a 7 （difference） kind of communication than what comes from our normal waking 8 （conscious）, which I call our “analyzer. When our analyzer is talking, the 9（communicate） we receive 10 （tend） to seem more like a nonstop conversation that goes on inside our heads all day and sometimes well into the night.
happen to:碰巧
happen to sb;发生在某人身上;碰巧发生在某人身上
on the other hand：另一方面
be familiar with：熟悉
at first glance：乍一看
完型补文（7）
The erosion of the middle of the labor market is easy to misinterpret, because its 1 （root） are multiple. During the 1970s,the entry into the work force of an unprecedented number of women and young adults born during the baby boom resulted in too many workers for the jobs available, and 2 （depress）wages. The decline of the middle also has something to do with the explosive 3 （grow）in world trade since 1960.As 4 （manufacture） technologies have become more mobile, and multinational 5 （firm） more footloose,production jobs have 6 （migrate） from the US to countries where wages are low.In addition, technology itself has helped to provoke the shifts in the job market.For example, 7 （few）American workers would have been 8 （need）to make steel in 1980 than in 1960 even if the pressures of global 9 (compete) had not been a factor, because new machines have made many of their tasks redundant.Finally, the high rate of 10 （employment） caused by these trends has tended to drive wages down further,especially at the low end, since it forces unskilled workers to compete for their jobs with unemployed people who are willing to do the work for less.
答案及精解：
41.答案：由空格前的名词women and young adults可知，空格处需要填入一个动词的过去分词作后置定语修饰前面的名词。动词bear的过去分词形式为born（出生）。
42.答案：resulted。固定词组result in意为“导致、结果是”。因这句话讲述的是1970年代的事儿，所以谓语动词需要使用过去式。Result的过去式为resulted（导致）。
43.答案：growth。根据空格前的形容词explosive（爆炸性的）可知空格处应该填入一个名词，被explosive所修饰。Grow的名词为growth（增长）。
44.答案：manufacturing。“制造业技术”的固定表达为manufacturing technologies。
45.答案：moved。根据空格前的助动词have可知该句时态为完成时态，动词需要使用过去分词。Move的过去分词为moved（移动）。
46.答案：addition。固定词组in addition表示“此外”。
47.答案：fewer。根据空格后的than in the past（相比在过去）可知，空格处需要填入一个形容词的比较级。Few的比较级为fewer（更少的）。
48.答案：machines。空格后的谓语动词部分使用的是have made而不是has，故可知主语为复数，故machine需要填写其名词复数形式，即machines（机器）。
49.答案：unnecessary。句意为“因为新机器已经使他们的工作变得不必要了”，故空格处应该填入形容词“不必要的”，即unnecessary。
50.答案：unemployment。句意为“由这些因素造成的高失业率倾向于进一步压低工资”。 失业为unemployment。
4.参考译文：
语音和文字聊天
语音聊天和文字聊天正在迅速成为人们在线交流的首选方式。对于语言学习者来说，这些交流形式使他们能够几乎实时地分享关于自己和世界的想法。他们可以与来自世界各地的人建立友谊。因此，它是学习语言和文化的一种简单方法。
然而，当你在网上寻找朋友时，你应该多一些谨慎与思考，因为你真的不知道对方是谁。因此，永远不要随意透露个人信息，包括你的名字，年龄，住址以及你就读的学校。在和网上的朋友见面时也要小心，如果你去见面的话，确保是去公共场所，并和朋友或家人一起去。如果你觉得自己有危险，请联系当地警局。如果你足够小心谨慎的话，与他人聊天便可以是一种愉快且有教育意义的活动。
答案及精解：
41.答案：learners。因为本文中提到的“语言学习者”不可能只是一个人，所以名词需要使用其复数形式，即learners（学习者）。
42.答案：enable。根据空格后的them to share…可知，空格处缺少的是一个动词。Able的动词形式是enable（使有能力做某事）。
43.答案：cultures。根据空格前的languages可知空格处也需要填入一个名词复数，句意想表达的也是不同的语言和不同的文化，所以名词需要使用其复数形式，即cultures（文化）。
44.答案：given。根据空格前的should be可知这是一个被动语态结构，谓语动词需要使用其过去分词形式。Give的过去分词为given（被给予）。
45.答案：really。根据空格前的主语you和空格后的谓语和宾语“don’t know who the person is…”可知这已经是一个完整的“主谓宾”句子结构，故空格处只能填入副词来修饰后面的谓语动词。Real的副词为really（真地）。
46.答案：including。include此处作为非谓语动词，需要使用其现在分词形式，表主动，即including（包括）。
47.答案：careful。固定搭配“be careful about”表示“对某事要小心谨慎”。
48.答案：finally。根据空格后的逗号可知，空格处需要的是一个副词，用以修饰后面整句话。Final的副词为finally（最终）。
49.答案：educational。根据空格前的形容词enjoyable和并列连词and，以及空格后的名词activity，可知空格处需要填入的也是一个形容词，与enjoyable并列来形容名词activity。Education的形容词为educational（教育的）。
50.答案：doing。固定搭配when doing so意为“当这样做时”。
5.参考译文
心存感激
无论你是服务员或医生,你的工作都是服务他人,使他们的生活更好。我们都有过这样的经历，有人在工作中鼓舞了我们，改变了我们的生活，也有人让我们沮丧，让我们的生活变得更糟。我们都遇到过很棒的清洁工。我们也遇到过一些人，他们不是很棒，但却拥有一份很棒的工作。这并不意味着你必须要一直做你不喜欢的工作，但它确实能够帮助你发展一种更积极的态度。你可能不喜欢你的工作，但你可以享受与你的同事在一起的时光。这是值得感激的事情。当你尝试心存感激时，它会发展成一个更有用的观点，并使你在工作中感到快乐。
答案及精解：
41.答案：had。根据空格前的have可知此句为现在完成时态，动词需要使用过去分词。Have的过去分词为had（有过）。
42.答案：working。work此处作为非谓语动词，需要使用其现在分词形式，表主动，即working（工作）。
43.答案：difference。固定搭配make a difference意为“带来不同”。
44.答案：really。根据空格后的形容词wonderful可知空格处需要填入的是一个副词，用来修饰形容词wonderful。Real的副词是really（真地）。
45.答案：amazing。根据空格后的名词jobs可知空格处需要填入一个形容词，用以修饰名词jobs。Amaze的形容词为amazing（很棒的）。
46.答案：helps。空格前的主语为it，即第三人称单数，对应的谓语动词需要也使用第三人称单数形式，即helps（帮助）。
47.答案：colleagues。此句的意思为“你可以享受与你的同事在一起”。一般来说同事不止一个人，所以此处需要使用名词的复数形式，即colleagues（同事们）。
48.答案：thankful。固定搭配to be thankful意为“心存感激的”。
49.答案：gratefulness。根据空格前的动词practice（练习）可知空格处需要填入的是一个名词，用以作动词practice的宾语。Grateful的名词为gratefulness（感恩）。
50.答案：happier。根据空格前a more useful 可知空格处需要填入的也是一个形容词比较级。Happy的比较级为happier（更快乐的）。
6.参考译文：
沉默的倾听
如果你的朋友刚刚发生了很不好的事情，你会怎么做?你会跟他提起这件事，说你很抱歉吗?你会给他提供支持或建议吗?根据露丝·克拉克的说法，这种做法看似妥善，实则可能不是他真正想要或需要的。
克拉克让一些大学生想象一些不愉快的情景，例如，考试取得了很差的成绩或者父亲丢了工作。然后这些学生们被问到，如果他们的朋友从其他人那里得知了他们糟糕的情况，那这些学生本人希望得到怎样的对待。结果有点出乎意料。一些学生说他们希望他们的朋友提及这些烦心事，但是大多数在研究中的学生回应说他们希望他们的朋友不要这样做。学生们想要自己决定是否与朋友讨论他们的烦心事。所以，在朋友遇到麻烦的时候保持沉默的倾听是很有必要的。
答案及精解：
41.答案：treatment。根据空格前的形容词such（这样的）可知空格处缺少的是一个名词，被such所修饰。Treat的名词是treatment（对待）。
42.答案：really。根据空格前的主语he和空格后的动词wants可知空格处缺少的是一个副词，用来修饰后面的动词wants。Real的副词为really（真地）。
43.答案：unpleasant。该句意思是“克拉克让学生们去想象一些不愉快的情景”，故空格处应该填入形容词“不愉快的”，即unpleasant。
44.答案：loss。根据空格后的介词短语“of his job”可以推断出空格处缺少的是一个名词，和介词短语搭配在一起表示“dad’s loss of his job 父亲的失业”。故空格处应该填入lose的名词loss（丢失）。
45.答案：asked。根据空格前的be动词were可知该句为被动语态结构，句意为“学生们被问到…”。被动语态中的谓语动词需要使用其过去分词，ask的过去分词为asked（被问到）。
46.答案：surprising。固定搭配a little surprising意为“有点出乎意料”。
47.答案：annoying。根据空格前的冠词the和空格后的名词situation可知空格处缺少的是一个形容词，用以修饰后面的名词situation。Annoy的形容词为annoying（烦人的）。
48.答案：responded。句子描述的是发生在过去的事情，故动词需要使用其过去式。Respond的过去式为responded（回应）。
49.答案：decision。固定搭配make the decision意为“做决定”。
50.答案：listener。根据空格前的形容词silent（安静的）可知空格处需要填入的是一个名词，被silent所修饰。Listen的名词是listener（倾听者）。
完型补文（3）
答案：1.wonderful 2.loved 3. walking 4.woods 5.found 6.took 7.opening 8.making 9.gotten/got 10.easily
解析：
1.可以多个形容词修饰同一个名词，例如a small round table，a tall gray building，a dirty old brown shirt，这里空里面的词并非是修饰old ，而是man,故用wonderful。
2.过去发生的事情，用一般过去时态就可以，故用loved 。
3.while/when+分词（现在分词或过去分词），但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个，分词如果和主语是主动关系用现在分词，如果是被动关系用过去分词。例如While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.
4.the woods表示树林。
5.讲述的过去发生的事情，用一般过去时态就可以，故用found。
6.讲述的过去发生的事情，用一般过去时态就可以，故用took。
7.a small后面接名词，opening名词表示洞，缺口；开始，开端。
8.stop doing sth“停止做某事，即停止正在做的事情”，stop to do sth“停止（正在做的事情）去做另外一件事”，此处用doing，故用making 。
9.过去完成时态，用过去分词形式 got或gotten。
10.修饰动词用副词，故用easily。
完型补文（7）
答案：1.roots 2.depressed 3.growth 4.manufacturing 5.firms 6.migrated 7.fewer 8.needed 9. competition 10.unemployment
解析：
1.后面be动词用的是are，故用复数roots。
2.形容词修饰名词，要用形容词形式，depressed有降低了的意思，depressing是表示令人沮丧的，令人忧愁的，这里是降低了的工资要用depressed。
3.with the explosive growth随着爆炸性的增长,explosive是形容词，后面需要名词 growth。
4. manufacturing technology固定搭配表示制造技术。
5.footloose形容词“自由自在的，不受束缚的；（工商金融活动）不受地域限制的，能顺应市场的”，multinational“跨国的”，这里讲的跨国公司是大范围的，多以应该用复数firms 。
6.have表示完成时态，后面加动词的过去分词，故用migrated 。
7.句子后面than是比较级的标志，故用fewer。
8.被需要be needed to do sth，例如：A lot of time is needed to do this work.
(为了）做这项工作，需要很多时间。need还有一个特殊用法，need to be done=need doing，例如：The watch needs repairing=The watch needs to be repaired.这块表需要修理了。
9.global competition全球竞争
10.根据上下文知道应该是失业，故用unemployment 。
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