更新2015年 4月自考概括段落大意和补全句子翻译

The Women behind the Brooklyn Bridge

①John Roebling planned to build the Brooklyn Bridge before 1867. But he never really got started. In 1869, he died of an accident. The job fell to his son Washington, a master of construction. In 1872, Washington was injured in building the bridge. He could not walk any longer. He could only see the building of the bridge from his window. But his mind was still fresh. How could he get his ideas down to the workers?

②That’s where Emily came in. Emily and Washington married in 1865. At that time John was planning the bridge. He sent his son around the world to study bridges. Emily went along with her husband and learnt much about bridge building. When John died and Washington became the boss, she taught herself more about bridge building. She wanted to help her husband with his new job.

③Emily regularly came to the building site. She gave Washington’s instructions to the workers. And then she took questions back to him. However, as time went on, her role started to change. Soon, workers saw her as the new boss. As she had more and more knowledge, she became the chief engineer. She met with officials, discussed with other engineers, and instructed the workers.

④Emily also helped to solve problems outside the building site. Some people once questioned her husband’s ability to head the bridge building. And the America Society of Civil Engineers would think about replacing him. Emily went to meet the group. She gave a speech in defense of her husband. The group finally decided to keep him on the job.

⑤It took up 14 years to build the bridge. For 11 of those years, Emily was the one in charge. The bridge finally opened on May 24, 1883. She was one of the first people to cross the bridge. Emily never planned on becoming an engineer, but she turned out to be a great one.

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《布鲁克林大桥背后的女性》

①约翰·罗布林计划在1867年前建造布鲁克林大桥。但他并未真正开始这一工程。1869年，他因事故去世。这项工作落到了他的儿子，建筑大师华盛顿·罗布林的肩上。1872年，华盛顿在建造大桥时受伤，导致他再也无法行走。他只能从窗口观察大桥的建设，但他的头脑依然清醒。他如何将自己的想法传达给工人呢？

②这时候，艾米丽登场了。艾米丽和华盛顿于1865年结婚。当时，约翰正在计划建造大桥。他派儿子四处学习桥梁建筑，艾米丽也陪同丈夫一起，并学到了很多关于桥梁建设的知识。当约翰去世后，华盛顿接任负责，她自学了更多的桥梁建筑知识，希望能帮助丈夫完成新任务。

③艾米丽经常来到施工现场，把华盛顿的指示传达给工人，然后再把问题带回给他。随着时间的推移，她的角色发生了变化。很快，工人们视她为新的主管。随着她掌握越来越多的知识，她成了总工程师。她会见官员，与其他工程师讨论，并指导工人。

④艾米丽还帮助解决了施工现场外的一些问题。有人曾质疑她丈夫领导建桥的能力，美国土木工程师协会甚至考虑要换掉他。艾米丽前去会见该组织，发表演讲为她丈夫辩护。最终，该组织决定让他继续担任此职。

⑤大桥的建造共耗时14年，其中有11年是由艾米丽负责的。大桥终于在1883年5月24日开通。艾米丽是首批穿越大桥的人之一。艾米丽从未打算成为一名工程师，但她却成了一位伟大的工程师。